What is JUnit and how is it used in testing?

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Common testing tools in software testing are used to ensure the quality, reliability, and performance of applications. These tools support various testing types such as unit testing, integration testing, functional testing, performance testing, and more.

JUnit is a popular open-source testing framework used in Java for writing and running unit tests. It provides a structured way to test individual units of code, such as methods or classes, to ensure they function as expected. JUnit is an essential part of test-driven development (TDD), where tests are written before the code itself.

Key Concepts of JUnit:

1. Test Methods: A method annotated with @Test is recognized as a test case. The test method should contain assertions to check the correctness of the code.

2. Assertions: These are methods used to compare expected values with actual results, such as assertEquals(expected, actual), assertTrue(condition), and assertFalse(condition).

3. Test Fixtures: Methods annotated with @Before or @After run before or after each test, respectively, to set up or clean up resources.

4. Test Suites: You can group multiple test cases into a test suite to run them together using annotations like @RunWith and @Suite.

Common Annotations in JUnit:

• @Test: Marks a method as a test case.

• @Before: Runs before each test method to set up the test environment.

• @After: Runs after each test method to clean up resources.

• @BeforeClass: Runs once before any tests in the class start (static method).

• @AfterClass: Runs once after all tests in the class finish (static method).

• @Ignore: Ignores a test method (useful when debugging or temporarily disabling tests).

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